SRHR Content

The pleasure approach

Historically, sexuality education has focused on reducing sexual risks and centred around “appropriate” behaviour. Discourse on pleasure, desire and the lived sexual experience have been largely missing. The pleasure approach, the triangular approach or “sex -positive” approach are terms that are used interchangeably to define an approach to sexual education and information that is different from the risk-based approach, which focusses on the risks and avoiding the negative consequences of sex.

The pleasure approach recognises that young people are living sexual beings that want to experience love, sex and relationships that are both enjoyable and safe. By doing so, sexuality education information using the pleasure approach covers the full scope of sexual experience and pleasure, and not exclusively topics related to the reduction of sexual health risks. It is a concept that has been thoroughly described and embraced by various organisations, such as the Global Advisory Board (GAB) for Sexual Health and Wellbeing and The Pleasure Project.

The triangle approach to addressing sexuality

There are three interlinked elements to the triangle approach: sexual health, sexual rights, sexual pleasure. This refers to the “triangle approach”, a conceptual framework designed by the Global Advisory Board for Sexual Health and Wellbeing (GAB) to strengthen SRHR policy and programming. Addressing each of the elements is crucial to be able to ensure a positive approach to sexuality in SRHR interventions. For a shared understanding of these terms, it is important to define them.

Sexual health

According to the WHO “Sexual health is a state of physical, emotional, mental and social well-being in relation to sexuality; it is not merely the absence of disease, dysfunction or infirmity. Sexual health requires a positive and respectful approach to sexuality and sexual relationships, as well as the possibility of having pleasurable and safe sexual experiences, free of coercion, discrimination and violence. For sexual health to be attained and maintained, the sexual rights of all persons must be respected, protected and fulfilled”(Working definition, WHO, 2006a).

Sexual rights

The responsible exercise of human rights requires that all persons respect the rights of others. The application of existing human rights to sexuality and sexual health constitutes sexual rights. Sexual rights protect all people’s rights to fulfil and express their sexuality and enjoy sexual health, with due regard for the rights of others and within a framework of protection against discrimination. (Working definition, WHO, 2006s, updated 2010).

Sexual pleasure

There are several definitions from experts on how to define sexual pleasure. According to GAB, “Sexual pleasure is the physical and/or psychological satisfaction and enjoyment derived from solitary or shared erotic experiences, including thoughts, dreams and autoeroticism. Self-determination, consent, safety, privacy, confidence and the ability to communicate and negotiate sexual relations are key enabling factors for pleasure to contribute to sexual health and wellbeing”.

All three elements, comprising of sexual health, sexual rights and sexual pleasure, as well as the positive intersections between them, need to be included to meaningfully address sexuality in SRHR interventions. Any of the three can be leading as long as all are addressed. For us at Love Matters, we lead with sexual pleasure, while always noting sexual health and sexual rights as equally important and mutually reinforcing.

Types of SRHR content

Love Matters provides SRHR content to young people on its platforms, with the aim to reach young people with open, honest and pleasure-positive information on love, sex and relationships in places where such information is often censored or taboo. The next sections detail the type of content that is provided on the Love Matters platforms and provides guidance on how to select the topics you want to cover in your content. This includes assessing your thematic coverage using international guidelines on sexuality education, but also assessing the risks of writing about topics in your specific context while still “pushing the boundaries” when deemed appropriate.

Love Matters has two primary types of content on its platforms: facts and stories. They are designed to work together to offer users the opportunity to find out more about their bodies and sexual functions, and healthy relationships. For example, if a user’s goal was to find out more about Sexual Transmitted Infections (STIs), they can read a fact to understand the health education content and read about people’s personal experiences via story content, and so on.

Facts

Facts, or evidence based SRH information content, is straightforward, objective information about love, sex, sexuality, relationships and the body.

FACTS

Fact-based content should be created by an SRHR expert and reviewed by another expert. The editors of specific platforms then need to ensure the fact is context-appropriate and fully localised.
Fact-based content should be simple, free from jargon and wordplay, and easy to understand for low-literacy readers.
If the source is a scientific article, include a link to the page where it’s available for download, or downloadable PDF.
Thoroughly check the accuracy of any information you include about sexual health or medication.
Refer to multiple sources to ensure information is correct.
Try to use objective and scientific information from reputable sources, including links to the source where possible
If reputable scientific or medical opinions on an issue are divided, mention this in the article.

Source: Editorial Guidelines Love Matters

The choice of (fact-based) SRHR topics you want to cover on your platform, to ensure content is comprehensive, pleasure positive, evidence- and rights based, depends on your particular context and programme goals. Extensive research has been conducted on sexuality education programmes and it is highly recommended to also refer to international guidelines on what topics Comprehensive Sexuality Education (CSE) programmes should ideally include. For specific technical guidance on CSE please refer to UNESCO CSE GUIDELINES.

Stories

Story content pieces can be opinion pieces, experiences/personal stories, testimonials, agony aunt or “sexpert” articles, fun facts, tips, etc. In these content pieces, you can have a bit more fun, both in terms of the topic and style.

STORIES

Change names in personal stories if needed because of the sensitive nature of the content. The subject of the story may use their real name if they choose to, but make sure they understand any potential risks such as unwelcome attention or online harassment. Take care to protect the identity of other people who feature in the testimonial unless you have received their permission to use their real name.
Choose pseudonyms that are culturally appropriate.
Stay true to the facts and spirit of the testimonial. It is acceptable to write a testimonial you have heard from a subject as if it is in their voice, but events or details should not be altered. (You may also be writing in a different language than their own.)
It is not acceptable to make up fictional stories and present them as true stories.
The testimonial should be factually correct to the best of your knowledge, and you should do your best to verify this as far as possible.
When anything has been changed you must always use the following disclaimer: This story is true, but names and places have been changed to protect identities.

Source: Editorial Guidelines Love Matters

SRHR topics: pushing the boundaries

Even restrictive contexts can benefit from small steps in creating more openness to SRHR, minimising taboos and enabling young people to access SRH information and education, while creating opportunities for them to openly discuss their questions and issues in a safe space. What are the topics that “push the boundaries” that can be addressed in your platform, either through fact or story content creation? This depends on the context your programme operates in and requires a careful assessment of the risks.

How to address taboo or controversial topics?

There are risks to addressing certain topics in specific settings. This is something organisations across the world deal with on a daily basis. Constantly adapting and learning what can and cannot be shared, promoted or published has become a huge part of the daily work for SRHR content creators.

Content creators are constantly navigating how to discuss controversial or sensitive techniques with their audience online, always striving to find a balance between opening the discussion and not alienating the users. This censorship is also mediated through the social media giants and internet providers such as Facebook and Instagram, who have the ability to control what information can be shared or distributed further.

How do you deal with controversial or taboo topics? How do you deal with (social media) censorship and still cover the topics that are important to your users?

ASSESS YOUR RISKS

Make sure you are aware and assess what the sensitive topics and taboos are in your country and the inherent risks
Stay up to date on the social media developments and social media platform policies: Taking the example of Facebook Ads, it is good practice to familiarise team members with the Facebook guides and policies as they are frequently changed and updated. It’s vital that teams study these guides and policies in order to avoid any block or ad removal.

PRIVACY AND SECURITY

Protect the identity of your users and persons you write about. Avoid using real names if it poses a risk to the person or those related to him or her
Use private channels and groups to discuss sensitive topics
Protect the identity of your team- keep your own social media channels hidden and do not give your address

CONTENT FORMATS

Make issues more fictional
Use cartoons instead of images of real persons
Use animations instead of videos of real persons
Choose the images carefully, assessing the risks of possible rejection or blockage

LANGUAGE USE

Use local languages to avoid your content gets blocked
See the examples below of possible Facebook advert rejections and possible mitigation strategies related to language. Please note that the rejections of ads play out differently across regions. What might work for one country, might not work for another.

SENSITIVE SRHR TOPICS	STRATEGIES TO AVOID AD REJECTIONS
Sexual relationships	Use more conservative terminology. In the case of Love Matters Arabic: “Anything that has a sexual context will most likely be disapproved. […] Sometimes, we are playing with words. Instead of saying sexual relationship we would, for example, say marital or intimate relationship,”.
Gender-Based Violence (GBV)	Use local language, slang and lingo – rather than English to discuss more sensitive topics (harder to detect for human moderators and algorithms) e.g. Kiswahili by Love Matters Kenya. Avoid using visuals or graphs that depict violence in any form, as the content will be rejected despite the fact that it is focused on creating awareness of the issue with a view to ending violence.
LGTBQ-related content	Use local language, slang and lingo – rather than English to discuss more sensitive topics.
Content related to the vagina (e.g., vaginal discharge)	Use local language, slang and lingo – rather than English to discuss more sensitive topics. Love Matters Kenya, for instance, uses Swahili or local slang to avoid English words such as “sex” or “vagina”. As Social Media Editor Fiona Nzingo explains, “A Kenyan would understand, but someone from Facebook’s HQ would be wondering what it means, and it is hard to notice and find translations of these words”.
Menstruation	Use local language, slang and lingo – rather than English to discuss more sensitive topics.

TIMING OF CONTENT

Choose your timing of posting your content wisely- some dates are more suitable than others (in relation to national events/holidays): In Ramadan, during fasting hours from sunshine to sunset, fasting Muslims are not eating or drinking or having sex. Love Matters Arabic website visits usually drop in first two weeks of Ramadan and that is why we don’t run any campaigns during Ramadan as it not a good time to educate people about sexuality when they are fasting. Similarly, there tends to be a significant traffic surge in the weekend following the end of Ramadan and this time slot offers a golden opportunity for Love Matters Arabic to run a campaign and educate people about sexuality.
Avoid publishing too many Facebook ads in a short time: From Data Analysis: it seems that when one ad gets rejected then subsequent ads will get rejected for the same reason. Therefore, it might be useful to avoid publishing several ads on one day, instead, leave some time in between publishing different ads to ensure they get reviewed separately. Another option if an ad is tagged as ‘sexual content’ is to create another ad instead of trying to edit the banned one.

Audience engagement

Different types of content will get a different type of engagement from your audience and will give you a different metric to measure. Some metrics are more valuable than others when it comes to assessing the success of your campaign. For example: a long discussion between people in the comment section gives you better insights than a simple like on a post. Or a 30-minute video that people watch till the end gives you a better chance to tell your story than a 3 second GIF. There are roughly 3 types of engagement:

Virality

Going viral is on the top of the wish list of most campaigners. In fact it’s just another way of saying you want your audience to engage with your posts. ‘Virality’ doesn’t happen to very many posts and no one really knows exactly why a post on Facebook or YouTube catches on.

Campaigners spend some time ‘reverse engineering’ viral posts and trying to work out why it happened. And while there are some tips, the truth is there is no “magic formula”. Many of the things that work for some campaigns will not work for others and sometimes posts go viral without much planning at all.

In this section, we will introduce you to some things you can do to increase your chances of virality. Some posts are more likely to go viral than others either because they have certain features or because they work well within social media algorithms. There are therefore both algorithmic and organic ways to be promoted. The best a campaigner can do is try and hack the algorithm by making sure they include the correct content in their post and that it’s correctly timed and executed.

Algorithmic promotion

Rich Content: Algorithms prefer content that consists of different media formats (sound, video and images) used at the same time and place
Variety: Use the whole platform instead of just one feature (for example, on Instagram that means using the feed, live, stories, reels)
Immediate Engagement: If there are a high number of interactions within the first 5 minutes, you post is more heavily promoted
Consistency: Regular posting and usage of the platform is rewarded
Distance: You are more likely to be promoted if you are within 10km of your audience
Response Rate: If there are replies, likes and comments within the first 20 minutes and you engage the audience and stimulate conversation, you can increase the promotion of your post
Appropriate Length: On Facebook, posts linking to articles between 2,000 and 2,500 words get 15% more shares than shorter or longer articles. LinkedIn goes even longer, getting more shares for articles between 3,500 to 4,000 words long. Make your posts right for the channel and the audience.

Organic promotion

Motivational Posts: There are many many motivational quotes or sayings on your Facebook newsfeed or Instagram account. Why do those things pop up almost daily in your networks? People feel a psychological need to share inspirational quotes or motivational sayings. It could be guilt, to impress others, or to send a message without saying what they really mean outright. Whatever the reason, motivational sayings get shared a great number of times.
Amazing News: People like to be the first to share something amazing with their friends. If it challenges the norm, delivers important news, or confirms a myth, all the better. If you do post amazing facts, images or videos, make sure they are legitimate. Do your research before you share so that it doesn’t dent your credibility.
Funny Posts: Making people laugh is always a good way to get people to share on social media. Laughter reduces stress, increases energy, and creates a bonding moment for people. However, getting a laugh or a share is not your end goal in the campaign. You also want to build people’s recognition of your work, awareness of the issues, and trust. While a funny cat photo might get you 300,000+ shares does it contribute anything?
Quiz/game: Very few people can resist joining a simple game like a quiz, especially one that provides (or claims to) a glimpse into your personality. Quizzes have been the most engaging type of content on Facebook, generating the most shares. People have an inherent desire to compare themselves to other people. There are quite a few sites that offer ready-made quizzes you can embed on your social networks, or you can create your own. It doesn’t have to be very complicated as long as it is something you wouldn’t hesitate to take yourself.
Advocacy Posts: Social issues make people interested. Especially if they can do something to help support you.
Hashtags: To reach people that aren’t in your networks, hashtags can be very useful. Anyone who uses or searches your hashtag can view your post and potentially share it. Using hashtags doubles your engagement on Twitter and Instagram, which usually means shares as well. On Facebook, hashtags can actually reduce reach.